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31.
有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。 相似文献
32.
高超声速飞行器表面温度分布与气动热耦合数值研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
针对高超声速飞行器热防护设计中的高温气体非平衡效应问题和气动热环境精确预测问题,基于流场的非平衡Navier-Stokes方程、表面的能量守恒方程和内部的热传导方程,考虑流场的非平衡效应、表面的热辐射效应、催化效应和烧蚀效应以及热防护层内部的热传导效应,建立了初步的表面温度分布与气动热的耦合计算方法,完善了高超声速飞行器气动物理流场计算软件(AEROPH_Flow)。在表面材料为碳-碳(C-C)条件下,对飞行高度为65km和飞行速度为8,10km/s的半球以及飞行高度为50km和飞行速度为8km/s的球锥模型,开展了表面温度分布与气动热的耦合计算,验证了计算方法和计算软件,分析了表面温度分布对气动热环境的影响。研究结果表明:表面温度分布对气动热的计算结果有较大影响,在气动热环境的预测中,不仅要考虑热化学非平衡效应和表面催化效应的影响,还要考虑表面温度分布的影响,最好是采用表面温度分布与气动热耦合计算的方法,以减小表面温度分布对气动热计算结果的影响。为此,需要发展完善非平衡流场/表面催化和烧蚀/热传导温度场(气/表/固)的计算模型、耦合求解技术和计算软件,实现对高超声速飞行器的真实飞行条件下高温气体非平衡效应和气动热环境的精确模拟。 相似文献
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《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2020,65(4):1296-1305
This paper aims to study on the cooling effect with two types of water spray nozzle on the flame deflector during the four-engine launch vehicle take-off. To accurately simulate the two-phase flow of the rocket gas with multispecies and the water spray, the three-dimensional compressible Navier-Stokes equations, discrete ordinates methods and realizable k-Ɛ turbulence model are used to establish the rocket supersonic plumes impact model. The Eulerian dispersed phase (EDP) model was used to simulate the water spray into the exhaust gas. The accuracy and effectiveness of the gas-liquid flow model are verified by a good agreement between simulation results and experimental data. On this basis, a series of numerical simulation studies under different water injection position are performed. The results show that the high temperature regions, along the axis of engines on the deflector plate, have no significant temperature decreasing effect by water spray from the nozzles mounted on the apex of the deflector, and the high temperature converts a large quantity of water into vapor near the plume boundary, which would decrease the flow conductivity. With the cooling spray nozzle fixed directly to the deflector plate, the temperature decrease effect is obvious and the effect of thermal shock on deflector plate induced by exhaust plume is reduced, so that it can prevent the flame deflector from thermal ablation. The study results provide indepth information and engineering guidance for designing the water spray systems and increasing the safety of the launch process. 相似文献
36.
Jie Wang Cuichun Li Xiuyun Meng 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2021,67(8):2517-2533
As the lighter-than-air (LTA) flight vehicle, the stratospheric airship is a desirable platform to provide communication and surveillance services. During the ascent from sea-level to the mission altitude, the volume of the lifting gas may change significantly, which will result in the change of the center-of-buoyancy (CB). A general calculation method is developed to specify CB for the stratospheric airship with a double-ellipsoid hull and an arbitrary number of the gas cells. The cross-section-integral (CSI) method is used as a basic calculation scenario to specify CB. Considering the complexity in determining the boundary between the helium and air in the gas cell, a searching algorithm is put forward and the specification of CB can be conducted by the iterative calculation. As an important application, the stable condition of the pitch angle is analyzed when the change of CB is involved. Under different initial configurations, the stable pitch angle of the stratospheric airship during the ascent is specified and compared, which shows the advantages of the multi-gas-cell configuration. The results of this paper may provide an important reference for the engineering application of the stratospheric airship. 相似文献
37.
火星大气对太阳辐射产生吸收和散射作用,同时还将与火星表面航天器发生对流换热。热设计时难以直接评估对流、辐射和导热三种换热对航天器的影响,从而确定主要的控温途径。在调研火星表面辐射、大气等热环境的基础上,从线性化传热系数和对流辐射比的角度对比分析了辐射、对流和导热对航天器的影响。器表辐射传热系数随光学属性和温度的变化范围为0.3~1.4W/(m2·℃),对流传热系数随风速变化为0.2~1.5W/(m2·℃),器内导热传热系数可控制在0.25W/(m2·℃)以下。结果表明,太阳辐射较火星表面和天空辐射而言是主要外热源,航天器表面的辐射和对流换热为两条并联换热途径,两者均可成为主要换热途径,器内导热传热是控制航天器内外隔热的主要可控因素。 相似文献
38.
For the problem that the plume flow field structure of a multi engine parallel rocket is complicated and the bottom thermal environment is extremely harsh, which may cause the failure of the engine structural components, the plume flow field and thermal environment at different altitudes are studied through numerical simulation. The result is compared with the measured results in flight which shows that when the rocket is flying at a low altitude, the plume of the engines do not interfere with each other. As the flight altitude increases, the plumes gradually expand and begin to interfere with each other, and finally there is an obvious backflow at the bottom of the rocket. The maximum heat flux at the moment of take off is basically the same as the measured value in flight. Before the backflow occurs, the heat flux mainly consists of radiant heat, the convective heat flow increases as the flight altitude grows, but it is also much smaller than the peak heat flow at takeoff. The result has certain guiding significance for the optimal design of engine structure thermal protection. 相似文献
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根据1 000 MW超超临界锅炉的实际运行数据,对其结渣特性进行研究和分析。建立了基于煤灰特性的锅炉结渣特性预测模型,包括单一指标和综合指标的各预测模型,这些预测模型能简单、快速地预测锅炉的结渣特性。但对于锅炉燃用煤质不均匀或采用混煤燃烧等情况,这类预测模型的准确性和可靠性将下降。同时根据锅炉运行时的实时监测数据,建立了基于炉膛清洁因子的炉膛结渣特性在线监测模型,通过炉膛出口后各受热面进出口蒸汽温度、流量,以及省煤器出口烟气温度等有关参数,利用反平衡法计算求得此时的炉膛出口烟气温度,然后求出炉膛的平均热有效性系数和炉膛清洁因子,最后根据清洁因子的大小来判断锅炉的结渣特性。该模型不仅能根据锅炉运行实时数据的采集,实现锅炉结渣特性的在线实时监测,而且能对煤质不均匀或采用混煤燃烧等情况的锅炉结渣特性做出较准确的判别。 相似文献